none The introduction and establishment of 2 larval parasites of sugarcane moth-borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) in Barbados has led to substantial reductions in the level of joints bored and sugar loss. Concurrent with the introduction of the parasites there have been changes in cultural practices, especially pre-harvest burning and the change in predominance of certain cane varieties. The paper discusses the relative importance of the parasites and these ecological changes in effecting the reduction in joints bored from 16 % to 5 %. Animals and man; Control; Biological control; Parasites diseases and disorders; Parasites; Insect parasites; Hosts; Insect hosts; Ecology; Population dynamics; Land and freshwater zones; Neotropical region; Lesser Antilles Diatraea saccharalis (Pyralidae); Control by; Parasitica (Hymenoptera); Hymenopteran parasites; Parasitica; Biological control; Windward Islands; Barbados; Control by hymenopteran parasites Lixophaga diatraeae (Hymenoptera ); Apanteles flavipes (Braconidae ); Seasonal abundance; Barbados Parasitica; Lepidopteran hosts; Diatraea saccharalis; Biological control; Windward Islands; Barbados; Biological control of lepidopteran host