Collections of fruits from indigenous species of Oleaceae were made in Kenya between 1999 and 2003. Members of the four Kenyan genera were sampled in coastal and highland forest habitats, and at altitudes from sea level to 2979 m. Schrebera alata, whose fruit is a woody capsule, produced Lepidoptera only, as did the fleshy fruits of Jasminum species. Tephritid fruit flies were reared only from fruits of the oleaceous subtribe Oleinae, including Olea and Chionanthus. Four tephritid species were reared from Olea. The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, was found exclusively in fruits of O. europaea ssp. cuspidata, a close relative of the commercial olive, Olea europaea ssp. europaea. Olive fly was reared from 90% (n = 21) of samples of this species, on both sides of the Rift Valley and at elevations to 2801 m. Bactrocera munroi, sp. nov. was reared from both O. europaea ssp. cuspidata and Olea welwitschii. B. munroi is only the second Bactrocera species to be reared from O. europaea s.l. Bactrocera biguttula and Ceratitis capitata were reared from the coastal olive, Olea woodiana ssp. disjuncta. A new species of adramine tephritid, Munromyia whartoni sp. nov., was reared from Chionanthus niloticus in western Kenya. Opiine braconid parasitoids were reared from M. whartoni and B. oleae. The former was attacked by a single species of Psyttalia, while the latter was parasitized by Psyttalia concolor, Psyttalia lounsburyi and Utetes africanus. In some collections, rates of parasitization of olive fly by P. lounsburyi exceeded 30%. Moths and several of their parasitoids were reared from all four genera of Oleaceae. Species richness of moths in oleaceous fruits was about twice that of tephritids. The subgenus Afrodacus Bezzi is proposed as a new synonym of subgenus Daculus Speiser, and all Asian species previously placed in subgenus Afrodacus are transferred to subgenus Bactrocera. Descriptions of 2 new species of Tephritidae, a key to the species of Munromyia, and a synopsis (with key to species) of African Bactrocera subgenus Daculus are provided. Systematics; Nomenclature; New taxa; Combination; Synonymy; Taxonomy; Taxonomic position; Key; Nutrition; Diet; Parasites diseases and disorders; Parasites; Insect parasites; Hosts; Insect hosts; Land zones; Afrotropical region; Africa Tephritidae; Hymenopteran parasites; Plant hosts; Oleaceae; Kenya; Faunal survey from specific plant hosts including hymenopteran parasites Bactrocera (Tephritidae); Africa; Key to subgenera Bactrocera (Daculus) (Tephritidae); Africa; Key to species Bactrocera (Daculus) munroi (Tephritidae); Plant hosts; Olea welwitschii; Prunus africana; Olea europaea cuspidata; Congo Kinshasa; Kenya; New species from plant host; Uganda; New species Munromyia whartoni (Tephritidae); Plant hosts; Chionanthus niloticus; Kenya; New species from plant host Lepidoptera; Food plants; Oleaceae; Recorded; Hymenopteran parasites; Recorded & prevalence in hosts feeding on Oleaceae (plants); Kenya; Species feeding on Oleaceae (plants) recorded & hymenopteran parasite records & prevalence Hymenoptera; Dipteran hosts; Tephritidae; Lepidopteran hosts; Recorded & prevalence in hosts feeding on Oleaceae (plants); Kenya; Recorded & prevalence in dipteran & lepidopteran hosts feeding on Oleaceae (plants) Bactrocera (Tephritidae); Key to subgenera; Africa; P. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) Bezzi 1924 (Tephritidae); New synonym; Of Bactrocera (Daculus) Speiser 1924, p. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) biguttula Bezzi (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) brunnea (Perkins & May) (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) fastigata Tsuruta & White (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) grandistylus Drew & Hancock (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) hypomelaina Drew (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) jarvisi (Tryon) (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) lucida Munro (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) menanus Munro (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) minuta (Drew) (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) montyanus Munro (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) nigrivenata Munro (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) ochracea Drew (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Afrodacus) oleae Rossi (Tephritidae); Referred to; Bactrocera (Daculus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Daculus) Speiser 1924 (Tephritidae); Syn nov; Bactrocera (Afrodacus) Bezzi 1924, p. 151 Bactrocera (Daculus) (Tephritidae); Key to species; Africa; P. 152 Bactrocera (Daculus) biguttula (Bezzi) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Daculus) brunnea (Perkins & May) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Daculus) fastigata (Tsuruta & White) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Daculus) grandistylus (Drew & Hancock) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Daculus) hypomelaina (Drew) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Daculus) jarvisi (Tryon) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Daculus) lucida (Munro) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Daculus) menanus (Munro) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Daculus) minuta (Drew) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Daculus) montyanus (Munro) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Daculus) munroi White 2004 (Tephritidae); Sp nov; Kenya; Parasite of Olea europaea cuspidata (Plant), p. 153 Bactrocera (Daculus) nigrivenata (Munro) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 152 Bactrocera (Daculus) ochracea (Drew) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 151 Bactrocera (Daculus) oleae (Rossi) (Tephritidae); Comb nov; Transferred from Bactrocera (Afrodacus), p. 152 Munromyia Bezzi (Tephritidae); Key to species; P. 149 Munromyia whartoni Copeland 2004 (Tephritidae); Sp nov; Kenya; Parasite of Chionanthus niloticus (Plant), p. 149 none