none Investigations were conducted on effect of temperature on development of parasitoids of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Coeloides pissodes (Ashmead), Dendrosoter sulcatus Muesebeck, Spathius pallidus Ashmead, Dinotiscus dendroctoni (Ashmead), and Heydenia unica Cook & Davis were studied in the field and at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C in the laboratory. Development of parasitoids from egg to adult at field temperatures during August 1991 required approximately 2 wk for all species. The southern pine beetle requires approximately 1 mo to complete development at optimum temperatures. There was little difference in development times among these parasitoid species at 20 degrees C. All parasitoid species required approximately twice as long to develop at 20 degrees C than at the two higher temperatures. Males generally developed more rapidly than females at all temperatures. Survival of all species except D. dendroctoni decreased at 15 degrees C. The greatest numbers of parasitoids were reared from study trees that contained an approximately 1:1 host-stage ratio of late instars to pupae.