Until recently, the pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera; Cerambycidae) was considered a secondary forest pest in Portugal. Its pest status changed when it was found to be the main vector of the recently introduced pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buehrer) Nickle (Nematoda; Aphelenchoididae). A survey in three locations within the PWN-affected zone was con-ducted in order to identify parasitoids associated with immature stages of the beetle and to evaluate their importance. No parasitoid was found associated with the insect eggs whereas 10% of the larvae were found parasitised by three Braconidae. Cyanopterus flavator Fabricius was the most numerous species; Iphiaulax impostor (Scopoli) and Coeloides sordidator Ratzeburg were the other species present. A review of the parasitoids associated with Monochamus in Europe, eastern Asia and North America was made, and the possibility of using the local species in future biological control programmes in Portugal is briefly discussed. Monochamus galloprovincialis (Cerambycidae) : Host Coeloides sordidator (Braconidae) : Parasite Cyanopterus flavator (Braconidae) : Parasite Iphiaulax impostor (Braconidae) : Parasite Reproduction; Parasites diseases and disorders; Parasites; Insect parasites; Hosts; Insect hosts; Land zones; Palaearctic region; Eurasia; Europe Coeloides sordidator; Cyanopterus flavator; Iphiaulax impostor; Coleopteran hosts; Occurrence in eggs & larvae & prevalence; survey; Monochamus galloprovincialis; Portugal Monochamus galloprovincialis; Egg; Hymenopteran parasites; Parasites infecting eggs & larvae; survey & prevalence; Portugal none