Phenology of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera, Ichineumonoidea) at Area de Protecao Ambiental of Descalvado, Sao Paulo State. The flight phenology of the Braconidae fauna was conducted using Malaise traps in five sites of the Environmental Protected Area of Descalvado. A total of 2,792 specimens, representing 22 subfamilies, was sampled throughout a period of sixteen months from May, 1999 to August, 2000. The traps catches for koinobionts peak was in August, 1999 a month before of the idiobionts peak and in June. 2000 both peaks were simultaneous. The phenological peaks of dominant koinobiont taxa (Microgastrinae) were similar to all koinobionts, and the peaks of dominant idiobiont laxa (Doryctinae) were similar to all idiobionts, as well. December, 1999 and February, 2000 were the richer months in number of subfamilies (N= 19 and 18. respectively), corresponding to the same period when the subfamilies which potentially attack Lepidoptera where collected. The number of females was superior to the number of males and this relation was more accentuated in koinobionts. The peaks of both females and males were similar to dominate koinobiont and idiobionte taxa. Life cycle and development; Behaviour; Activity patterns; Ecology; Habitat; Terrestrial habitat; Land and freshwater zones; Neotropical region; South America Braconidae; Life cycle; Seasonal activity; Flight phenology; Population dynamics, protected area; Forest and woodland; Brazil; Sao Paulo; Descalvado protected area; Natural fragmented sites, phenology none