none H. a. confertus (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was reared on an artificial diet in the laboratory. Larvae and pupae were reared at 25 plus or minus 1 degree C and 18:6 (L/D) photoperiod, and adults were mated at an average of 20 degree C under natural light conditions. The parasitoid A. kazak (Telenga) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was reared for several generations using H. a. confertus larvae as hosts. It took, on average, 19.3 days from oviposition to cocoon formation, and 26.8 and 29.0 days for adult male and female emergence respectively. Only 25.9% of the host larvae produced parasite cocoons, and 74.1% of these produced adult parasitoids. Two Heliothis viruses were produced, with maximum yields for granulosis virus of 40 mg per larva and for nuclear polyhedrosis virus of 11.5 mg per larva. Techniques; Care in captivity; Parasites diseases and disorders; Parasites; Insect parasites; Hosts; Insect hosts Heliothis armigera confertus (Noctuidae); Rearing techniques; Hymenopteran parasites; Apanteles kazak; Rearing of host & parasite Apanteles kazak (Braconidae); Rearing techniques; On lepidopteran host; Lepidopteran hosts; Heliothis armigera confertus; Rearing of host & parasite