none T. piniperdae is one of the most serious pests on pine woods on the Ionic-coast (Southern-Italy) which are often set on fire in summer and heavily crowded. The first top of T. piniperdae adults has been observed in poor physiological conditioned Pine from the end of September to March. At the end of March the rising generation of adults attachs new Pine shoots in order to feed. First hatched larve have been noticed under the bark from October and are particularly abundant from November to April. During the year the eggs, the different stages of larvae and the pupae are often present, produced by T. piniperdae females without a "partner". A second extremely poor top of adults has been observed in Pine trunks during the second half of May. The natural enemies and the symbiont Nematodes are: Coleoptera Histeridae: Plegaderus otti Mar. and Cylister elongatus Oliv., Coleoptera Cleridae: Thanasimus formicarius L., Coleoptera Tenebrionidae: Hypoploeus fraxini Kug.; Hymenoptera Braconidae: Dendrosoter middendorfii Rat. and Pteromalidae: Metacolus (?) sp.; Neuroptera Rhaphidiidae: Raphidia sp.; Nematoda Rhabditidae: Parasitorhabditis piniperda (Fuchs, 1937) Ruhm 1956, and the Aphelendroididae: Parasitaphelenchus papillatus (Fuchs); the Fungus: Beauveria bassiana Vuill. An efficient way in controlling T. piniperda is by using of "bait trunks" in open areas from the half of September.