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Braconinae valid
- taxon id: 150231
- catalog nub: bra_8
- 分类系统: 茧蜂亚科 Braconinae
- 阶元:亚科
- 状态: valid
- 中文科学名: 茧蜂亚科
- 已发表: 是
- 灭绝: 否
- original placement: 是
- original name:Braconinae
- 格式: animal
- 作者: Nees
- year: 1811
- 创建时间: 2021-06-27 16:46
- create by: zxmlmq (admin)
pictures
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分类信息
- 界: Animalia | 动物界
- 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
- 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
- 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
- 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
- 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
- 科: Braconidae | 茧蜂科
- 亚科: Braconinae | 茧蜂亚科
-
tree:
geography information (Including lower)
- realm: 亚洲 ;
- 国家/地区: 阿富汗 ; 阿尔巴尼亚 ; 阿尔及利亚 ; 安哥拉 ; 安提瓜 ; 阿根廷 ; 亚美尼亚 ; 澳大利亚联邦 ; 奥地利 ; 阿塞拜疆 ; 亚速尔群岛 ; 巴哈马 ; 孟加拉 ; 巴巴多斯 ; 白俄罗斯 ; 比利时 ; 贝宁 ; 百慕大 ; 不丹 ; 比奥科岛 ; 玻利维亚 ; 婆罗洲 ; 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 ; 博茨瓦纳 ; 巴西 ; 文莱 ; 保加利亚 ; 布基纳法索 ; 柬埔寨 ; 喀麦隆 ; 加拿大 ; 加纳利群岛 ; 佛得角 ; 中非 ; 智利 ; 哥伦比亚 ; 科摩罗 ; 哥斯达黎加 ; 克罗地亚 ; 古巴 ; 塞浦路斯 ; 捷克 ; 捷克斯洛伐克 ; 刚果(金) ; 丹麦 ; 吉布提 ; 厄瓜多尔 ; 埃及 ; 萨尔瓦多 ; 赤道几内亚 ; 厄立特里亚 ; 爱沙尼亚 ; 埃塞俄比亚 ; 芬兰 ; 法国 ; 法属圭亚那 ; 加蓬 ; 冈比亚 ; 格鲁吉亚 ; 德国 ; 加纳 ; 希腊 ; 格林纳达 ; 瓜德罗普 ; 危地马拉 ; 几内亚 ; 圭亚那 ; 洪都拉斯 ; 匈牙利 ; 印度 ; 印度尼西亚 ; 伊朗 ; 伊拉克 ; 爱尔兰 ; 以色列 ; 意大利 ; Ivory Coast ; 牙买加 ; 日本 ; 约旦 ; 哈萨克斯坦 ; 肯尼亚 ; 朝鲜 ; 吉尔吉斯斯坦 ; 老挝 ; 拉脱维亚 ; 黎巴嫩 ; 莱索托 ; 利比里亚 ; 利比亚 ; 列支敦士登 ; 立陶宛 ; 马其顿 ; 马达加斯加 ; 马德拉群岛 ; 马拉维 ; 马来西亚 ; 马里 ; 马耳他 ; 马提尼克岛 ; 毛里塔尼亚 ; 毛里求斯 ; 墨西哥 ; 摩尔多瓦 ; 蒙古 ; 摩洛哥 ; 莫桑比克 ; 缅甸 ; 纳米比亚 ; 尼泊尔 ; 荷兰 ; 新喀里多尼亚 ; 新西兰 ; 尼加拉瓜 ; 尼日尔 ; 尼日利亚 ; 挪威 ; 阿曼 ; 巴基斯坦 ; 巴拿马 ; 巴布亚新几内亚 ; Paraguay ; 秘鲁 ; 菲律宾 ; 波兰 ; 葡萄牙 ; 波多黎各 ; 留尼汪岛 ; 罗马尼亚 ; 卢旺达 ; 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 ; 沙特阿拉伯 ; 塞内加尔 ; 塞尔维亚 ; 塞拉利昂 ; 新加坡 ; 斯洛伐克 ; 斯洛文尼亚 ; 社会群岛 ; 所罗门群岛 ; 索马里 ; 南非 ; 韩国 ; 西班牙 ; 斯里兰卡 ; 苏丹 ; 苏里南 ; 瑞典 ; 瑞士 ; 叙利亚 ; 塔吉克斯坦 ; 坦桑尼亚 ; 泰国 ; 多哥 ; 突尼斯 ; 土耳其 ; 土库曼斯坦 ; 乌干达 ; 乌克兰 ; 阿拉伯联合酋长国 ; 英国 ; United States Virgin Islands ; 乌拉圭 ; 乌兹别克斯坦 ; 瓦努阿图 ; 委内瑞拉 ; 越南 ; 也门 ; 赞比亚 ; 津巴布韦 ;
- 省/行政区: 阿拉巴马州 ; 阿拉斯加州 ; 阿尔泰边疆区 ; Amur Oblast ; 安徽省 ; 亚利桑那州 ; 阿肯色州 ; Arkhangelsk Oblast ; Astrakhan Oblast ; 澳大利亚首都直辖区 ; 北京市 ; Bryansk Oblast ; 加利福尼亚州 ; 车臣 ; 科罗拉多州 ; 康涅狄格州 ; 特拉华州 ; District of Columbia ; 佛罗里达州 ; 福建省 ; 甘肃省 ; 乔治亚州 ; 广东省 ; 广西壮族自治区 ; 贵州省 ; 海南省 ; 夏威夷州 ; 黑龙江省 ; 河南省 ; 香港 ; 湖北省 ; 湖南省 ; 爱达荷州 ; 伊利诺斯州 ; 印第安纳州 ; 内蒙古自治区 ; 爱荷华州 ; Irkutsk Oblast ; 江苏省 ; 江西省 ; 吉林省 ; Kaliningrad Oblast ; 堪察加州 ; 堪萨斯州 ; Karachay-Cherkess Republic ; 肯塔基州 ; Khabarovsk Krai ; Kirov Oblast ; Komi Republic ; Krasnodar Krai ; Krasnoyarsk Krai ; Kursk Oblast ; 辽宁省 ; 路易斯安那州 ; Magadan Oblast ; 缅因州 ; 马里兰州 ; 马萨诸塞州 ; 密歇根州 ; 明尼苏达州 ; 密西西比州 ; 密苏里州 ; 蒙大拿州 ; Moscow Oblast ; Murmansk Oblast ; 内布拉斯加州 ; 内华达州 ; New Hampshire ; New Jersey ; 新墨西哥州 ; 新南威尔士州 ; 纽约州 ; 宁夏回族自治区 ; Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ; 北卡罗来纳州 ; 北达科他州 ; 北部地区 ; Novgorod Oblast ; Novosibirsk Oblast ; 俄亥俄州 ; 俄克拉荷马州 ; Omsk Oblast ; 俄勒冈州 ; Orenburg Oblast ; 宾夕法尼亚州 ; Penza Oblast ; Perm Krai ; Primorsky Krai ; Pskov Oblast ; 昆士兰州 ; Republic of Adygea ; Republic of Bashkortostan ; Republic of Buryatia ; Republic of Dagestan ; Republic of Karelia ; Republic of North Ossetia-Alania ; Republic of Tatarstan ; Rhode Island ; Rostov Oblast ; Ryazan Oblast ; 圣彼得堡 ; Sakha (Yakutia) Republic ; Sakhalin Oblast ; Samara Oblast ; Saratov Oblast ; 陕西省 ; 山东省 ; 上海市 ; 山西省 ; 四川省 ; 南澳大利亚洲 ; South Carolina ; South Dakota ; 斯塔夫罗波尔边疆区 ; Sverdlovsk Oblast ; 台湾省 ; Tambov Oblast ; 塔斯马尼亚州 ; 田纳西州 ; 得克萨斯州 ; 西藏自治区 ; Tomsk Oblast ; Tuva Republic ; Ulyanovsk Oblast ; 犹他州 ; 佛蒙特州 ; 维多利亚州 ; 弗吉尼亚州 ; Vladimir Oblast ; Volgograd Oblast ; Vologda Oblast ; Voronezh Oblast ; 华盛顿州 ; 西弗吉尼亚州 ; 西澳大利亚州 ; 威斯康辛州 ; 怀俄明州 ; 新疆维吾尔自治区 ; Yaroslavl Oblast ; 犹太自治州 ; 云南省 ; Zabaykalsky Krai ; 浙江省 ;
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地图:
description
ORIGINAL NAME
Bracones
GENUS
Acrocerilia van Achterberg,1989; Alienoclypeus Shenefelt,1978; Ancilibracon Quicke,1989; Angustibracon Quicke,1987; Bembracon Belokobylskij,2014; Carinibracon van Achterberg,1983; Cassidibracon Quicke,1987; Cesabracon Koçak & Kemal,2009; Commatapsis van Achterberg & Sigwalt,1987; Compsobraconoides Quicke,1989; Cordibracon van Achterberg,1989; Cyclaulacidea Quicke & Delobel,1995; Deltaphyma van Achterberg,1983; Digonogastra Viereck,1912; Doggerella Quicke, Mahmood & Papp,2011; Eobraconus Rasnitsyn,1985; Eunesaulax Tobias,1990; Euurobraconoides Quicke,1988; Favibracon Quicke,1989; Floralibracon van Achterberg,1992; Fraterarchibracon Quicke,1985; Gammabracon Quicke,1984; Gracilibracon Quicke,1995; Iphibracon van Achterberg & Sigwalt,1987; Malagopsis van Achterberg,1983; Monilobracon Quicke,1984; Monocoila Roman,1910; Neohelcon Szépligeti,1913; Nesaulax Roman,1914; Palabracon Quicke,1988; Paranesaulax Quicke,1984; Paxillibracon Quicke,1985; Plaxopsis Szépligeti,1905; Ploceibracon Quicke,1990; Promiscolus Kieffer,1921; Pseudospinaria Enderlein,1905; Psittacibracon Quicke,1986; Pycnobracon Cameron,1902; Quickeos Papp,1998; Sacirema Quicke,1995; Serratobracon Tobias,1990; Simra Quicke,1993; Sinobracon Hong,1974; Sobrinarchibracon Quicke,1985; Sororarchibracon Quicke,1985; Spathulibracon Quicke,1989; Spermatobracon van Achterberg,2009; Sylvibracon Quicke,1984; Trullabracon van Achterberg & Quicke,1991; Tsavobracon Quicke,1985; Virgulibracon Quicke,1987; Virgulibraconoides Quicke,1990; Vomeribracon Quicke,1987; Zanzopsis van Achterberg,1983; Zeuzerilia van Achterberg,1989
SYNONYM
Aphrastobraconinae Ashmead,1900; Gnathobraconinae Szépligeti,1904; Pseudodicrogeniinae Fahringer,1936; Vaepellinae Quicke,1987; Vipioninae Gahan,1917
TRIBE
Adeshini van Achterberg,1983; Aphrastobraconini Ashmead,1900; Argamaniini van Achterberg,1991; Bathyaulacini Quicke,1987; Braconini Nees,1811; Coeloidini Tobias,1957; Euurobraconini Ashmead,1900; Glyptomorphini Tobias,1957; Gnathobraconini Szépligeti,1904; Physaraiini van Achterberg,1984; Rhammurini Fahringer,1929; Vaepellini Quicke,1987
HIGHER GROUP
Braconidae (Blanchard, 1845; Kirchner, 1867; Ashmead, 1900; Szépligeti, 1904; Schmiedeknecht, 1907; Szépligeti, 1908; Viereck, 1918; Brues, 1924; Fahringer, 1925; Schmiedeknecht, 1930; Brues and Melander, 1932; Fahringer, 1936; Telenga, 1936; Watanabe, 1937; Perkins and Nixon, 1939; Ceballos, 1941; Kloet and Hincks, 1945; Ferrière, 1947; Berland, 1951; Ceballos, 1956; Baltazar, 1962; Marsh, 1963; Docavo, 1965; De Santis, 1967; Oehlke, 1969; Tobias, 1971; Alayo, 1973; Tobias, 1976; van Achterberg, 1976; Shenefelt, 1978; van Achterberg, 1984; Tobias, 1986; Gauld and Bolton, 1988; Lacatusu and Filipescu, 1989; Naumann et al, 1991; Shaw and Huddleston, 1991; Wahl and Sharkey, 1993; Huflejt, 1997; Belokobylskij and Tobias, 1998; Belokobylskij and Tobias, 2000; He et al, 2000; He et al, 2004; Long, 2004; Gauld and Shaw, 2006)
Braconinae group (Dowton et al, 1998)
Cyclostomes (Belshaw et al, 1998; Wharton, 2000; Belshaw and Quicke, 2002; Shi et al, 2005; Gauld and Shaw, 2006; Zaldivar-Riverón et al, 2006; Quicke, 2015)
LEVEL STATUS
subfamily (Marsh, 1963)
ORIGINAL LEVEL
family (Nees von Esenbeck, 1811)
SYNONYM HISTORY
Agathidinae (Gahan, 1917; Muesebeck, 1927; Brues and Melander, 1932; Hincks, 1943)
Aphrastobraconinae (Quicke and van Achterberg, 1990; Quicke, 2015)
Eumicrodidae (Muesebeck, 1927)
Gnathobraconinae (Quicke and van Achterberg, 1990; Quicke, 2015)
Pseudodicrogeniinae (Quicke and van Achterberg, 1990; Quicke, 2015)
Vaepellinae (Quicke, 2015)
Vipioninae (Hincks, 1943; Quicke and van Achterberg, 1990; Quicke, 2015)
TAXONOMY
catalogue (Dalla Torre, 1898; Shenefelt, 1978)
catalogue [Europe] (Kirchner, 1867)
catalogue [Spain] (Ceballos, 1956)
classification (Capek, 1970)
description (Marshall, 1885; Cresson, 1887; Ashmead, 1900; Schmiedeknecht, 1907; Fahringer, 1925; Fahringer, 1928; Baltazar, 1962; Marsh, 1963; Tobias, 1967; Capek, 1969; Capek, 1970; van Achterberg, 1976; van Achterberg, 1984; Gauld and Bolton, 1988; Quicke and van Achterberg, 1990; van Achterberg, 1990; Shaw and Huddleston, 1991; van Achterberg, 1993; Sharkey, 1997; He et al, 2000)
description in a key (Szépligeti, 1904; You and Wei, 2006; Zeng et al, 2009)
description in a key [Africa] (Fahringer, 1936)
description in a key [Australia] (Naumann et al, 1991)
description in a key [Caucasus] (Tobias, 1976)
description in a key [China-Zhejiang] (He et al, 2004)
description in a key [Cuba] (Alayo, 1973)
description in a key [Europe] (Schmiedeknecht, 1930)
description in a key [Germany] (Oehlke, 1969)
description in a key [Japan] (Watanabe, 1937)
description in a key [Madagascar] (Granger, 1949)
description in a key [Neotropical] (Gauld and Shaw, 2006)
description in a key [Pakistan] (Inayatullah and Naeem, 2004)
description in a key [Romania] (Lacatusu and Filipescu, 1989)
description in a key [Russian Far East] (Belokobylskij and Tobias, 1998; Belokobylskij and Tobias, 2000)
description in a key [Spain] (Ceballos, 1941; Docavo, 1965)
description in a key [U.S.S.R.] (Telenga, 1936; Tobias, 1971; Tobias, 1986)
description in a key [United Kingdom] (Shaw and Huddleston, 1991)
description in a key [Vietnam] (Long, 2004)
key to genera (Cresson, 1887; Szépligeti, 1901; Szépligeti, 1904; Schmiedeknecht, 1907; Quicke and Sharkey, 1989; Shi and Shen, 1995)
key to genera [Australian] (Quicke and Ingram, 1993)
key to genera [Caucasus] (Tobias, 1976)
key to genera [China-Zhejiang] (He et al, 2004)
key to genera [Cuba] (Alayo, 1973)
key to genera [Egypt] (Sarhan and Quicke, 1993)
key to genera [Europe] (Schmiedeknecht, 1930)
key to genera [Finland] (Hellén, 1927; Hellén, 1957)
key to genera [Madagascar] (Granger, 1949)
key to genera [Nearctic] (Muesebeck, 1927)
key to genera [New World] (Quicke, 1997)
key to genera [Old World] (Quicke, 1987)
key to genera [Russian Far East] (Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000)
key to genera [U.S.S.R.] (Tobias, 1971; Tobias, 1986)
key to genera [United Kingdom] (Shaw and Quicke, 1999)
key to species (Choristoneura) (Fernández-Triana and Huber, 2010)
key to supertribes [U.S.S.R.] (Tobias, 1971)
key to tribes (Ashmead, 1900)
key to tribes [Afrotropical] (Fahringer, 1928)
key to tribes [Japan] (Watanabe, 1937)
key to tribes [Palaearctic] (Fahringer, 1925)
key to tribes [Russian Far East] (Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000)
key to tribes [Spain] (Ceballos, 1941; Docavo, 1960; Docavo, 1965)
key to tribes [U.S.S.R.] (Telenga, 1936; Tobias, 1971; Tobias, 1986)
original description [3] (Nees von Esenbeck, 1811)
phylogenetics (Quicke, 1988; Belshaw et al, 1998; Belshaw et al, 2001; Shi et al, 2005; Wharton et al, 2006; Pitz et al, 2007)
phylogeny/evolution (Belshaw et al, 2001)
revision (Muesebeck, 1927)
TYPE
Bracon (Nees von Esenbeck, 1811)
CHINESE NAME
茧蜂亚科 (Feng, 1983; He et al, 1990; You et al, 1994; Shi and Shen, 1995; He et al, 2000)
BIOLOGY
general (Quicke, 1987)
PARASITISM
general (Shaw, 1990)
GROUP CHARACTERS (HEAD)
clypeus apical margin:form [up-curved] (Marsh, 1963)
MORPHOLOGY
exocrine glands (Quicke, 1991)
general (Quicke, 1986; Quicke, 1987)
genitalia (male) (Quicke, 1988)
hamuli (Quicke, 1982)
mimicry (Quicke, 1986)
ovipositor sheath (Quicke, 1984)
recto-tergal fusion (Quicke et al, 1996)
venom gland (Barbalho and Penteado-Dias, 1997)
reference
- Alayo, P, 1973. Introduccion al estudio de los Himenopteros de Cuba. Superfamilias: Tenthredinoidea, Siricoidea, Ichneumonoidea. La Universidad, Central de Las Villas
- Ashmead, W.H, 1900. Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 23(23):1-220
- Ashmead, W.H, 1900. Notes on some New Zealand and Australian parasitic Hymenoptera with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 2:327-360
- Baltazar, C.R, 1962. The genera of parasitic Hymenoptera in the Philippines, Part 1. Pacific Insects. 4(4):737-771
- Barbalho, S.M. and Penteado-Dias, A.M, 1997. Venom apparatus morphology of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 14(14):65-71
- Belokobylskij, S.A. and Tobias, V.I, 1998. Introduction to the Key. Introduction to Alysinae. In: Ler, P.A. 'Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 3.' Dal'nauka, Vladivostok. 706 pp
- Belokobylskij, S.A. and Tobias, V.I, 2000. Braconidae. Key to subfamilies. In: Ler, P.A. ed. Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnego Vostoka Rossii. T. IV. Setchatokryloobraznye, skorpionnitsy, pereponchatokrylye. Ch. 4. Dalnauka, Vladivostok. 651 pp
- Belshaw, R.; Fitton, M.; Herniou, E.; Gimeno, C. and Quicke, D.L.J, 1998. A phylogenetic reconstruction of the Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) based on the D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA. Systematic Entomology. 23(23):109-123
- Belshaw, R.; Lopez-Vaamonde, V; Degerli, N. and Quicke, D.L.J, 2001. Paraphyletic taxa and taxonomic chaining: evaluating the classification of braconine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using 28S D2-3 rDNA sequences and morphological characters. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 73(73):411-424
- Belshaw, R. and Quicke, D.L.J, 2002. Robustness of ancestral state estimates: evolution of life history strategy in ichneumonoid parasitoids. Systematic Biology. 51(51):450-477
- Berland, L, 1951. Super-famille des Ichneumonoidea (Konow). In: Grassé, P.P. ed. . Traité de Zoologie, Anatomie, systematique, biologie Vol.10. Insectes supérieurs et Hémiptèroides. Masson, Paris. 975 pp
- Blanchard, E, 1845. Histoire naturelle des insecte leurs moeurs, leurs métamorphoses et leur classification ou Traite elementaire d'entomologie. Tome Premier. Librairie de F. Didot Freres, Paris
- Brues, C.T, 1924. Some South African parasitic Hymenoptera of the families Evaniidae, Braconidae, Alysiidae, and Plumariidae in the South African Museum with a catalogue of the known species. Annals of the South African Museum. 1:1-150
- Brues, C.T. and Melander, A.L, 1932. Classification of Insects. A key to the known families of insects and other terrestrial arthropods. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. 7:1-672
- Capek, M, 1969. An attempt at a natural classification of the family Braconidae based on various unconventional characters (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 71(71):304-312
- Capek, M, 1970. A new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structure of the final instar larva and biological evidence. Canadian Entomologist. 1:846-875
- Ceballos, G, 1941. Las Tribus de los Himenópteros de España. Instituto Español de Entomologia, Madrid
- Ceballos, G, 1956. Catálogo de los Himenópteros de España. Trabajos del Instituto Español de Entomologica. Madrid
- Cresson, E.T, 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. ary Volume
- Dalla Torre, C.G. de, 1898. Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Volumen IV. Braconidae. Guilelmi Engelmann. Lipsiae
- De Santis, L, 1967. Catalogo de los Himenopteros Argentinos de la Serie Parasitica, incluyendo Bethyloidea. Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas, Provincia de Buenos Aires Gobernacion, La Plata
- Docavo, A.I, 1960. Los géneros de Bracónidos de España. Monografias de Ciencia Moderna. 63. CSIC. Madrid
- Docavo, A.I, 1965. Contribución al conocimiento de los Bracónidos de Espana. Subfamilias Braconinae y Cheloninae. Monografias de Ciencia Moderna. 71:210
- Dowton, M.; Austin, A.D. and Antolin, M.F, 1998. Evolutionary relationships among the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) inferred from partial 16S rDNA gene sequences. Insect Molecular Biology. 7(7):129-150
- Fahringer, J, 1925. Opuscula braconologica. Band 1. Palaearktische Region. Lieferung 1. Opuscula braconologica
- Fahringer, J, 1928. Opuscula braconologica. Band II. Aethiopische Region. Lieferung 1-3. Opuscula braconologica
- Fahringer, J, 1936. über einige merkwuerdige und seltene Hymenopteren-Gattungen aus Afrika. Festschr. 60 Geburtstag E. 1:568-590
- Feng, Song Ming, 1983. [Latin-English-Chinese names of insects.] (in Chinese). Scientific Publishers. Beijing
- Fernández-Triana, J.L. and Huber, J.T, 2010. Braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with a summary of other parasitoid families attacking Choristoneura. Canadian Entomologist. 1:295-343
- Ferrière, C, 1947. Hymenopteres terebrants du Parc National Suisse et des regions limitrophes. Ergebnisse der Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des Schweizerischen Nationalparks. 2(2):1-56
- Gahan, A.B, 1917. Descriptions of some new parasitic Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 53(53):195-217
- Gauld, I. and Bolton, B, 1988. The Hymenoptera. British Museum Natural History . Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York & Toronto
- Gauld, Ian D. and Shaw, Scott Richard, 2006. [Superfamily Ichneumonoidea.]. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 7:443-525
- Granger, C, 1949. Braconides de Madagascar. Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. 2:1-428
- He, J.H.; Chen, X.X. and Ma, Y, 2000. [Hymenoptera Braconidae.] 膜翅目 茧蜂科 (一). 中国动物志 昆虫纲. Vol. 18. Science Press, Beijing, China
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生物学记录
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