分类信息

• 界: Animalia | 动物界
• 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
• 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
• 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
• 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
• 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
• 科: Braconidae | 茧蜂科
• 亚科: Helconinae | 长茧蜂亚科
• tree:

geography information (Including lower)

• 国家/地区: 阿尔及利亚 ; 奥地利 ; 阿塞拜疆 ; 比利时 ; 保加利亚 ; 加拿大 ; 智利 ; 克罗地亚 ; 捷克 ; 捷克斯洛伐克 ; 丹麦 ; 赤道几内亚 ; 芬兰 ; 法国 ; 格鲁吉亚 ; 德国 ; 希腊 ; 几内亚 ; 匈牙利 ; 印度 ; 印度尼西亚 ; 伊朗 ; 意大利 ; 日本 ; 哈萨克斯坦 ; 肯尼亚 ; 朝鲜 ; 拉脱维亚 ; 立陶宛 ; 马达加斯加 ; 马来西亚 ; 墨西哥 ; 摩尔多瓦 ; 蒙古 ; 莫桑比克 ; 缅甸 ; 纳米比亚 ; 荷兰 ; 新西兰 ; 挪威 ; 波兰 ; 罗马尼亚 ; 塞内加尔 ; 塞尔维亚 ; 斯洛伐克 ; 南非 ; 瑞典 ; 瑞士 ; 坦桑尼亚 ; 乌克兰 ; 英国 ; 乌兹别克斯坦 ; 越南 ; 津巴布韦 ;
• 省/行政区: 阿拉斯加州 ; Amur Oblast ; Arkhangelsk Oblast ; 澳大利亚首都直辖区 ; 加利福尼亚州 ; 科罗拉多州 ; 康涅狄格州 ; 乔治亚州 ; 贵州省 ; 爱达荷州 ; 伊利诺斯州 ; 内蒙古自治区 ; Irkutsk Oblast ; 堪察加州 ; Karachay-Cherkess Republic ; Kemerovo Oblast ; Khabarovsk Krai ; Krasnodar Krai ; 路易斯安那州 ; Magadan Oblast ; 缅因州 ; 马里兰州 ; 马萨诸塞州 ; 密歇根州 ; 蒙大拿州 ; 内华达州 ; New Hampshire ; New Jersey ; 新南威尔士州 ; 纽约州 ; 北卡罗来纳州 ; 北部地区 ; 俄勒冈州 ; 宾夕法尼亚州 ; Primorsky Krai ; 昆士兰州 ; Rostov Oblast ; Sakha (Yakutia) Republic ; Sakhalin Oblast ; 南澳大利亚洲 ; 台湾省 ; 塔斯马尼亚州 ; 得克萨斯州 ; Tuva Republic ; 维多利亚州 ; 弗吉尼亚州 ; 华盛顿州 ; 西弗吉尼亚州 ; 威斯康辛州 ; 新疆维吾尔自治区 ; 云南省 ; Zabaykalsky Krai ;
• 地图:
  Distribution base on taxon

  Distribution base on occurrence/occurrences

description

reference

• Alayo, P, 1973. Introduccion al estudio de los Himenopteros de Cuba. Superfamilias: Tenthredinoidea, Siricoidea, Ichneumonoidea. La Universidad, Central de Las Villas
• Ashmead, W.H, 1900. Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 23(23):1-220
• Austin, A.D. and Wharton, R.A, 1992. New records of subfamilies, tribes and genera of Braconidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Australia, with description of seven new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. 116(116):41-65
• Baltazar, C.R, 1962. The genera of parasitic Hymenoptera in the Philippines, Part 1. Pacific Insects. 4(4):737-771
• Belokobylskij, S.A, 1998. 1. Rhyssalinae, 2. Doryctinae, 3. Histeromerinae, 4. Exothecinae, 7. Gnamptodontinae, 9. Alysiinae (Alysiini), 10. Helconinae, 11. Cenocoeliinae, 12. Brachistinae, 14. Meteorideinae, 16. Xiphozelinae, 17. Homolobinae, 18. Charmontinae, 19. Orgilinae, 20. Ecnomiinae, 21. Sigalphinae, 23. Ichneutinae, 25. Cardiochilinae, 27. Dirrhopinae, 28. Miracinae, 29. Adeliinae. In: Ler, P.A. 'Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 3.' Dal'nauka, Vladivostok. 706 pp
• Belokobylskij, S.A. and Tobias, V.I, 1998. Introduction to the Key. Introduction to Alysinae. In: Ler, P.A. 'Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 3.' Dal'nauka, Vladivostok. 706 pp
• Belokobylskij, S.A. and Tobias, V.I, 2000. Braconidae. Key to subfamilies. In: Ler, P.A. ed. Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnego Vostoka Rossii. T. IV. Setchatokryloobraznye, skorpionnitsy, pereponchatokrylye. Ch. 4. Dalnauka, Vladivostok. 651 pp
• Belshaw, R.; Fitton, M.; Herniou, E.; Gimeno, C. and Quicke, D.L.J, 1998. A phylogenetic reconstruction of the Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) based on the D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA. Systematic Entomology. 23(23):109-123
• Belshaw, R. and Quicke, D.L.J, 2002. Robustness of ancestral state estimates: evolution of life history strategy in ichneumonoid parasitoids. Systematic Biology. 51(51):450-477
• Brues, C.T. and Melander, A.L, 1932. Classification of Insects. A key to the known families of insects and other terrestrial arthropods. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. 7:1-672
• Capek, M, 1969. An attempt at a natural classification of the family Braconidae based on various unconventional characters (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 71(71):304-312
• Capek, M, 1970. A new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structure of the final instar larva and biological evidence. Canadian Entomologist. 1:846-875
• Capek, M. and Hofmann, C, 1997. The Braconidae (Hymenoptera) in the collections of the Musée cantonal de Zoologie, Lausanne. Litterae Zoologicae Lausanne. 2:25-162
• Ceballos, G, 1941. Las Tribus de los Himenópteros de España. Instituto Español de Entomologia, Madrid
• Ceballos, G, 1956. Catálogo de los Himenópteros de España. Trabajos del Instituto Español de Entomologica. Madrid
• Chen, Xue-Xin; He, Jun Hua and Ma, Yun, 1998. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae (I).]. In: Wu, Hong . 'Insects of Longwangshan Nature Reserve. 1:i-ix
• Chou, L.Y. and Hsu, T.C, 1996. The Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Taiwan VII. Subtribe Triaspina. Journal of Agricultural Research of China. 45(45):436-497
• Cresson, E.T, 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. ary Volume
• Dalla Torre, C.G. de, 1898. Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Volumen IV. Braconidae. Guilelmi Engelmann. Lipsiae
• De Santis, L, 1967. Catalogo de los Himenopteros Argentinos de la Serie Parasitica, incluyendo Bethyloidea. Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas, Provincia de Buenos Aires Gobernacion, La Plata
• Docavo, A.I, 1960. Los géneros de Bracónidos de España. Monografias de Ciencia Moderna. 63. CSIC. Madrid
• Docavo, A.I, 1965. Contribución al conocimiento de los Bracónidos de Espana. Subfamilias Braconinae y Cheloninae. Monografias de Ciencia Moderna. 71:210
• Dowton, M.; Austin, A.D. and Antolin, M.F, 1998. Evolutionary relationships among the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) inferred from partial 16S rDNA gene sequences. Insect Molecular Biology. 7(7):129-150
• Fahringer, J, 1925. Opuscula braconologica. Band 1. Palaearktische Region. Lieferung 1. Opuscula braconologica
• Fahringer, J, 1936. über einige merkwuerdige und seltene Hymenopteren-Gattungen aus Afrika. Festschr. 60 Geburtstag E. 1:568-590
• Feng, Song Ming, 1983. [Latin-English-Chinese names of insects.] (in Chinese). Scientific Publishers. Beijing
• Ferrière, C, 1947. Hymenopteres terebrants du Parc National Suisse et des regions limitrophes. Ergebnisse der Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des Schweizerischen Nationalparks. 2(2):1-56
• Förster, A, 1863. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconiden. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens. 19(19):225-288
• Gauld, I. and Bolton, B, 1988. The Hymenoptera. British Museum Natural History . Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York & Toronto
• Gauld, Ian D. and Shaw, Scott Richard, 2006. [Superfamily Ichneumonoidea.]. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 7:443-525
• Granger, C, 1949. Braconides de Madagascar. Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. 2:1-428
• He, J.H.; Chen, X.X. and Ma, Y, 2000. [Hymenoptera Braconidae.] 膜翅目 茧蜂科 (一). 中国动物志 昆虫纲. Vol. 18. Science Press, Beijing, China
• He, Junhua; Chen, X.X.; Fan, J.J.; Li, Q.; Liu, C.M.; Lou, X.M.; Ma, Y.; Wang, S.F.; Wu, Y.R.; Xu, Z.H.; Xu, W.A. and Yao, J, 2004. [Hymenopteran insect fauna of Zhejiang.] (in Chinese with English summary). Science Press, Beijing, China
• Hellén, W, 1958. Zur Kenntnis der Braconiden (Hym.) Finnlands. II. Subfamilia Helconinae (Part.). Fauna Fennica. 4:3-37
• Huflejt, Tomasz, 1997. Ichneumonoidea
• Inayatullah, Mian and Naeem, Muhammad, 2004. Some new records and a key to the identification of sub-families of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) collected in the NWFP, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 36(36):193-200
• Kirchner, L, 1867. Catalogus Hymenopterorum Europae. Vindobonae
• Kloet, G.S. and Hincks, W.D, 1945. A check list of British insects. Kloet & Hincks, Stockport
• Lacatusu, M. and Filipescu, C, 1989. [Insecta. Hymenoptera: Braconidae - general section. Subfamilies Cardiochilinae, Microgasterinae, Acaeliinae and Miracinae.]. Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania. 9(9):1-318
• Long, Khuat Dang, 2004. [Key to the subfamilies of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) and a complementary list of Braconid wasp species from Vietnam.] (in Vietnamese with English summary). Tap Chi Sinh Hoc Journal of Biology Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology. 26(26):8-14
• Marsh, P.M, 1963. A key to the Nearctic subfamilies of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 56(56):522-527
• Marshall, T.A, 1885. Monograph of British Braconidae. Part I. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 1:1-280
• Marshall, T.A, 1889. A monograph of British Braconidae. Part III. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 1:149-211
• Naumann, I.D.; van Achterberg, C.; Houston, T.F.; Michener, C.D. and Taylor, R.W, 1991. Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants, sawflies). In: Naumann, I.D. & Carne, P.B. . The insects of Australia . Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Australia & Ucl Press Limited, London, England. 1-1137. i:916-1000
• Oehlke, Joachim, 1969. Beiträge zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Hymenoptera - Bestimmungstabellen bis zu den Unterfamilien. Beiträge zur Entomologie. 19(19):753-801
• Papp, J, 1974. A study on the systematics of Braconidae (Hym.). Folia Entomologica Hungarica. 27(27):109-133
• Papp, J, 2014. A survey of the helconine species of the Australian Region (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Helconinae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 105(105):207-245
• Quicke, D.L.J. and van Achterberg, C, 1990. Phylogeny of the subfamilies of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen. 2:1-95
• Quicke, Donald L.J, 2015. The Braconid and Ichneumonid Parasitoid Wasps. Biology, systematics, evolution and ecology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
• Schmiedeknecht, O, 1907. Hymenopteren Mitteleuropas. Stephanidae and Braconidae. Gustav Fischer. Jena. 804 pp
• Schmiedeknecht, O, 1930. Die Hymenoptera Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena
• Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P.G. and Sharkey, Michael J, 2011. Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea), based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification. Systematic Entomology. 3:549-572
• Sharkey, M.J, 1997. Subfamily key of Braconidae. Agathidinae. Apozyginae. Blacinae. Helconinae. Ichneutinae. Meteorideinae. Sigalphinae. In: Wharton, R.A.; Marsh, P.M.; Sharkey, M.J. Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae Hymenoptera . International Society of Hymenopterists. Special Publication No. 1. 439 pp
• Shaw, M.R. and Huddleston, T, 1991. Classification and biology of Braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. 7(7):1-126
• Shenefelt, R.D, 1970. Braconidae 2. Helconinae, Calyptinae, Mimagathidinae, Triaspinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus nova editio . pars 5
• Shi, M.; Chen, X.X. and van Achterberg, C, 2005. Phylogenetic relationships among the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) inferred from partial 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA D2, 18S rDNA gene sequences and morphological characters. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37(37):104-116
• Shi, Zhen Ya and Shen, Xiao Cheng, 1995. [Identification of parasitic wasps.] (in Chinese) 寄生蜂鑒定. Chinese Agricultural Technology Press. Henan, China
• Szépligeti, G, 1904. Hymenoptera. Fam. Braconidae. Genera Insectorum. 2:1-253
• Telenga, N.A, 1936. Braconidae. Pt. 1. Hymenoptera. Fauna USSR. Hymenoptera. 5 2
• Tobias, V.I, 1967. [A review of the classification, phylogeny and evolution of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera).] (in Russian). Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye. 46(46):645-669
• Tobias, V.I, 1971. [Review of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of the U.S.S.R.] (in Russian). Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva. 5:156-268
• Tobias, V.I, 1976. [Braconids of the Caucasus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae).] (in Russian). Opred. Faune SSSR. Nauka Press. Leningrad. 110:286
• Tobias, V.I, 1986. Helconinae, Brachistinae. pp. 150-180. In: Medvedev G.S. ed. 'Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Opr. Faune SSSR. 1:1-501
• Tobias, V.I, 1986. Ichneutinae. pp. 291-293. In: Medvedev G.S. ed. 'Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Opr. Faune SSSR. 1:1-501
• Turner, R.E, 1918. Notes on the Braconidae in the British Museum. IV. On new Helconinae, mostly Australian. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 9:163-173
• Viereck, H.L, 1918. A list of families and subfamilies of the Ichneumon-flies in the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 3:69-74
• Wahl, D.B. and Sharkey, M.J, 1993. Superfamily Ichneumonoidea. In: Goulet H. & Huber J.T. eds. Hymenoptera of the World: An identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada Publication 1894E
• Watanabe, C, 1937. A contribution to the knowledge of the Braconid fauna of the Empire of Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imp. 4:1-188
• Wharton, R.A. and van Achterberg, C, 2000. Family group names in Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 9(9):254-270
• Wu, Qiong; Chen, Xuexin; He, Junhua and Ma, Yun, 2005. Classification and nomenclature of the subfamily Opiinae and summary of the tribes and genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In: Ren, Guodong; Zhang, Runzhi; Shi, Fuming . Classification and diversity of insects in China. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Place of publication unknown. i-vi, 1-402. i:370-374
• You, Lan-shao and Wei, Mei-cai, 2006. [Fauna Hunan Hymenoptera Braconidae [1]] (in Chinese with English summary) 湖南茧蜂志 (一). Hunan Press of Science and Technology. ChangSha, Hunan, China
• Zeng, Aiping; You, Lanshao and Bai, Lianyang, 2009. [The classification of Braconidae and application of their male genitalia.] (in Chinese with English summary) 茧蜂分类和雄性外生殖器的应用. Hunan Science & Technology Press, Changsha, Hunan, China
• Zhou, Zhihong and You, Lanshao, 2000. [A preliminary survey of braconid flies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Guangxi, China.] (in Chinese with English summary). In: Zhang Y.-L. . 'Systematic and faunistic research on Chinese insects.' Proceedings of the. 5th National Congress of Insect Taxonomy. China Agriculture Press, place of publication not given. 331 pp. i:251-257
• van Achterberg, C, 1976. A preliminary key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 119(119):33-78
• van Achterberg, C, 1976. A revision of the tribus Blancini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 118(118):159-322
• van Achterberg, C, 1984. Essay on the phylogeny of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Entomologisk Tidskrift. 1:41-58
• van Achterberg, C, 1990. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Holarctic Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zoologische Mededelingen. 64(64):1-20
• van Achterberg, C, 1993. Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen. 283:189

资源

生物学记录

• 列表
• 画廊