分类信息

• 界: Animalia | 动物界
• 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
• 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
• 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
• 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
• 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
• 科: Ichneumonidae | 姬蜂科
• 亚科: Metopiinae | 盾脸姬蜂亚科
• 属: Exochus Gravenhorst, 1829 | 凸脸姬蜂属
• 种: Exochus albifrons Cresson, 1868
• tree:
• 寄生于:
  • Acleris variana Fernald, 1886
  • Anacampsis innocuella Zeller, 1873
  • Archips argyrospila Walker, 1863
  • Archips cerasivorana Fitch, 1856
  • Archips fervidana Clemens, 1860
  • Archips myricana Mcdonnough, 1923
  • Archips rileyana Grote, 1868
  • Argyrotaenia occultana Freeman, 1942
  • Argyrotaenia tabulana Freeman, 1944
  • Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker, 1863
  • Choristoneura pinus Freeman, 1953
  • Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, 1841
  • Leucoma salicis Linnaeus, 1758
  • Platynota idaeusalis Walker, 1859
  • Sparganothis acerivorana MacKay, 1952
• associated plant:
  • Abies | 冷杉属
  • Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. | 香脂冷杉
  • Abies lasiocarpa | 落蒺山冷杉
  • Acer rubrum
  • Acer saccharum Marsh.
  • Alnus Hill
  • Carya
  • Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
  • Ostrya
  • Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.
  • Picea glauca
  • Pinus banksiana Lamb. | 北美短叶松
  • Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon
  • Populus alba L.
  • Populus tremuloides Michx.
  • Prunus pensylvanica L. fil.
  • Prunus serotina
  • Prunus virginiana L.
  • Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco | 花旗松
  • Quercus macrocarpa
  • Quercus rubra
  • Salix
  • Tilia americana L.
  • Ulmus americana

geography information (Including lower)

• 国家/地区: 加拿大 ;
• 省/行政区: 阿拉巴马州 ; 阿肯色州 ; 加利福尼亚州 ; 科罗拉多州 ; 康涅狄格州 ; District of Columbia ; 乔治亚州 ; 伊利诺斯州 ; 肯塔基州 ; 缅因州 ; 马里兰州 ; 马萨诸塞州 ; 密歇根州 ; 明尼苏达州 ; 密苏里州 ; 蒙大拿州 ; New Hampshire ; New Jersey ; 新墨西哥州 ; 纽约州 ; 北卡罗来纳州 ; 俄亥俄州 ; 宾夕法尼亚州 ; Rhode Island ; South Carolina ; 田纳西州 ; 弗吉尼亚州 ; 华盛顿州 ; 西弗吉尼亚州 ; 威斯康辛州 ;
• 地图:
  Distribution base on taxon

  Distribution base on occurrence/occurrences

description

reference

• Allen, D.C.; Knight, F.B.; Foltz, J.L. and Mattson, W.J, 1969. Influence of parasites on two populations of Choristoneura pinus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Michigan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 6:1469-1475
• Balduf, W.V, 1965. Observations on Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera) and certain parasites (Diptera, Hymenoptera). Ohio Journal of Science. 65(65):60-67
• Bennett, Andrew M.R, 2008. Review and identification keys to the ichneumonid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist. 140(140):1-47
• Bradley, G.A, 1974. Parasites of forest Lepidoptera in Canada. Subfamily Metopiinae and Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Part 1. Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Publication. 1336:99
• Carlson, R.W, 1979. Family Ichneumonidae. Stephanidae. In: Krombein K.V., Hurd Jr. P.D., Smith D.R. & Burks B.D. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington
• Cresson, E.T, 1868. A list of the Ichneumonidae of North America, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 2:89-114
• Cresson, E.T, 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. ary Volume
• Dalla Torre, C.G. de, 1902. Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Volumen III. Trigonalidae, Megalyridae, Stephanidae, Ichneumonidae, Agriotypidae, Evaniidae, Pelecinidae. Guilelmi Engelmann. 1:1-544
• Daviault, L.J, 1939. Notes sur l'action des parasites de la chenilla à tente du cerisier: Cacoecia cerasivorana Fitch. Naturaliste Canadien. 6:179-187
• Fattig, P.W, 1950. The Ichneumonidae or parasitic Hymenoptera of Georgia. Emory University Museum Bulletin. 9:1-78
• Graham, A.R, 1965. A preliminary list of natural enemies of Canadian agricultural pests. Canada Department of Agriculture. Research Institute. Belleville. 4:179
• Provancher, L, 1880. Faune canadienne. Les insectes - Hyménoptères. Naturaliste Canadien. 12(12):4-22
• Provancher, L, 1883. Petite faune entomologique du Canada et particulierement de la province de Québec. Vol. II. Comprenant les Orthoptères, les Névroptères et les Hyménoptères. C. Darveau. Québec
• Riley, C.V. and Howard, L.O, 1891. Some of the bred parasitic Hymenoptera in the National Collection. Family Ichneumonidae. Insect Life. 3:460-464
• Short, J.R.T, 1978. The final larval instars of the Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 25:508
• Strickland, E.H, 1946. An annotated list of the Ichneumonoidea of Alberta. Canadian Entomologist. 7:36-46
• Tolkanitz, V.I, 1987. [Parasitic Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae - Metopiinae.] (in Russian). Fauna Ukraina. 11(11):1-212
• Townes, H.K, 1939. Protective odors among the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 3:29-30
• Townes, H.K, 1945. A Catalogue and Reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Part II. The Subfamilies Mesoleiinae, Plectiscinae, Orthocentrinae, Diplazontinae, Metopiinae, Ophioninae, Mesochorinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. No.11
• Townes, H.K. and Townes, M, 1951. Family Ichneumonidae. In: Muesebeck C.F.W., Krombein K.V. & Townes H.K. eds. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico - Synoptic catalog. USDA. Agriculture Monograph. No. 2. 1420 pp
• Townes, H.K. and Townes, M, 1959. Ichneumon-flies of American north of Mexico: 1 Subfamily Metopiinae. United States National Museum Bulletin. 216(216):1-318
• Walsh, B.D, 1873. Descriptions of North American Hymenoptera. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. 3:65-166
• Yu, D.S. and Horstmann, K, 1997. A catalogue of world Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 58:1558

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