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Pristomerus spinator (Fabricius, 1804) valid
- taxon id: 38128
- catalog nub: HS_22918
- 分类系统: 分距姬蜂亚科 Cremastinae
- 阶元:种
- 状态: valid
- 中文科学名: 具刺齿腿姬蜂
- 已发表: 是
- 灭绝: 否
- original placement: 否
- original name:Ophion spinator Fabricius, 1804
- 格式: animal
- 作者: Fabricius
- year: 1804
- source: Taxapad Ichneumonoidea in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019
- url: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019/details/species/id/3b82eb51ec20914dbff1248f1131dbc7
- 创建时间: 2021-12-14 18:54
- create by: zxmlmq (admin)
pictures
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分类信息
- 界: Animalia | 动物界
- 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
- 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
- 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
- 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
- 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
- 科: Ichneumonidae | 姬蜂科
- 亚科: Cremastinae | 分距姬蜂亚科
- 属: Pristomerus Curtis, 1836 | 齿腿姬蜂属
- 种: Pristomerus spinator (Fabricius, 1804) | 具刺齿腿姬蜂
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tree:
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无效名:
- Pristomerus femorator (Thunberg, 1822) homonym
- Pristomerus pacificus Cresson, 1879 synonym
- Pristomerus appalachianus Viereck, 1905 synonym
- Pristomerus dorsocastaneus Viereck, 1905 synonym
- Pristomerus texanus Ashmead, 1906 nomen nudum
- Pristomerus coloradensis Brues, 1911 synonym
- Pristomerus melleus Cushman, 1920 synonym
- Pristomerus bollowi Enderlein, 1921 synonym
- Pristomerus woodworthi (Viereck, 1921) synonym
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寄生于:
- Achyra rantalis Guenée, 1854
- Acrobasis caryivorella Ragonot, 1887
- Acrobasis vaccinii Riley, 1884
- Agrotis subterranea Fabricius, 1794
- Ancylis comptana Frolich, 1828
- Ancylosis Zeller, 1839
- Colias eurytheme Boisduval, 1852
- Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus, 1767
- Diaphania nitidalis Stoll, 1781
- Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller, 1848)
- Helicoverpa zea Boddie, 1850
- Heliothis virescens Fabricius, 1777
- Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst, 1887)
- Hypena scabra Fabricius, 1798
- Keiferia lycopersicella Walsingham, 1897
- Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus, 1761
- Neogalea sunia Guenée, 1852
- Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, 1796
- Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, 1873
- Pyrausta orphisalis Walker, 1859
- Schinia bina
- Spodoptera exigua Hubner, 1808
- Spodoptera frugiperda Smith & Abbot, 1797 | 草地贪夜蛾
- Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée, 1852
- Spodoptera praefica Grote, 1875
- Stegasta bosqueella Chambers, 1875
- Trichoplusia ni Hubner, 1803 | 粉纹夜蛾
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associated plant:
- Arachis hypogaea L.
- Beta vulgaris L. | 根菾菜
- Glycine max (L.)Merr. | 大豆
- Gossypium hirsutum | 陆地棉
- Helianthus annuus L.
- Lycopersicon esculentum | 番茄
- Medicago sativa L. | 紫苜蓿
- Nicotiana tabacum L. | 烟草
- Sesamum indicum L. | 胡麻
- Solanum tuberosum | 马铃薯
- Sorghum bicolor
- Trifolium repens L. | 白三叶
- Zea mays L. | 玉米
geography information (Including lower)
- 国家/地区: 巴西 ; 加拿大 ; 哥斯达黎加 ; 圭亚那 ; 洪都拉斯 ; 墨西哥 ; 尼加拉瓜 ;
- 省/行政区: 阿拉巴马州 ; 阿拉斯加州 ; 亚利桑那州 ; 阿肯色州 ; 加利福尼亚州 ; 科罗拉多州 ; 康涅狄格州 ; District of Columbia ; 佛罗里达州 ; 乔治亚州 ; 夏威夷州 ; 爱达荷州 ; 伊利诺斯州 ; 爱荷华州 ; 堪萨斯州 ; 肯塔基州 ; 路易斯安那州 ; 马萨诸塞州 ; 密歇根州 ; 明尼苏达州 ; 密西西比州 ; 密苏里州 ; 蒙大拿州 ; 内布拉斯加州 ; 内华达州 ; 新墨西哥州 ; 纽约州 ; 北卡罗来纳州 ; 北达科他州 ; 俄克拉荷马州 ; 俄勒冈州 ; Rhode Island ; South Carolina ; South Dakota ; 田纳西州 ; 得克萨斯州 ; 犹他州 ; 华盛顿州 ; 怀俄明州 ;
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地图:
description
ORIGINAL NAME
Ophion spinator
SYNONYM
Pristomerus appalachianus Viereck,1905; Pristomerus bollowi Enderlein,1921; Pristomerus coloradensis Brues,1911; Pristomerus dorsocastaneus Viereck,1905; Pristomerus femorator (Thunberg,1822); Pristomerus melleus Cushman,1920; Pristomerus pacificus Cresson,1879; Pristomerus texanus Ashmead,1906; Pristomerus woodworthi (Viereck,1921)
COMBINATION HISTORY
Ichneumon (Thunberg, 1822)
Pristomerus (Townes and Townes, 1966; Gauld, 2000)
PAST HOMONYM
Ichneumon spinator (Thunberg, 1824)
SYNONYM HISTORY
Ichneumon femorator (Thunberg, 1824; Gauld, 2000)
Neopristomerus woodworthi (Carlson, 1979; Gauld, 2000)
Pristomerus appalachianus (Townes and Townes, 1966; Gauld, 2000)
Pristomerus bollowi (Carlson, 1979; Gauld, 2000)
Pristomerus coloradensis (Carlson, 1979; Gauld, 2000)
Pristomerus dorsocastaneus (Dasch, 1979)
Pristomerus melleus (Carlson, 1979; Gauld, 2000)
Pristomerus pacificus (Townes and Townes, 1966; Gauld, 2000; Horstmann, 2006)
TAXONOMY
catalogue (Dalla Torre, 1902; Szépligeti, 1905; Townes and Townes, 1966; Carlson, 1979; Gupta, 1987)
description (Olivier, 1811; Thunberg, 1822; Hooker, 1912; Dasch, 1979)
description in a key [Costa Rica] (Gauld, 2000)
invalid (replaced name) (Thunberg, 1824)
original description (Fabricius, 1804)
TYPE
Dmk_cph_uzm (Townes and Townes, 1966; Horstmann, 2001)
Guyana (Townes and Townes, 1966)
description (Zimsen, 1964)
designation (Horstmann, 2001)
female (Townes and Townes, 1966; Horstmann, 2001)
lectotype (Horstmann, 2001)
CHINESE NAME
具刺齿腿姬蜂 (Ma, 1983)
BIOCONTROL OF
Pseudaletia unipuncta (Funasaki et al, 1988)
BIOLOGY
developmental rate (Smith and Johnson, 1986)
fecundity (Dominguez Jiménez et al, 2000)
pesticide (Manley and Markwell, 2006)
FOOD SOURCE (IMAGOS)
Ammi visnaga (Bugg and Wilson, 1989)
HOST
Achyra rantalis (Soteres et al, 1984)
Acrobasis caryivorella (Carlson, 1979; Dasch, 1979; Maes, 1989)
Acrobasis vaccinii (Carlson, 1979; Dasch, 1979; Maes, 1989)
Agrotis subterranea (Wall and Berberet, 1975)
Ancylis comptana (Dasch, 1979)
Ancylosis (Carlson, 1979)
Colias eurytheme (Carlson, 1979; Soteres et al, 1984; Maes, 1989)
Diaphania hyalinata (Pena et al, 1987)
Diaphania nitidalis (Pena et al, 1987)
Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Wall and Berberet, 1975; Dasch, 1979; Funderburk et al, 1984; Smith and Johnson, 1986; Maes, 1989; Smith and Johnson, 1989)
Elasmopalpus lignosellus [Arachis hypogaea] (Berberet et al, 1979)
Helicoverpa zea (Bottrell et al, 1968; Wall and Berberet, 1975; Carlson, 1979; Dasch, 1979; McCutcheon and Turnipseed, 1981; Pair et al, 1982; Hogg and Nordheim, 1983; Soteres et al, 1984; Maes, 1989)
Helicoverpa zea [Gossypium hirsutum] (Sansone and Smith, 2001)
Heliothis virescens (Dasch, 1979; Martin et al, 1981; Pair et al, 1982; Hogg and Nordheim, 1983; Maes, 1989; Gauld, 2000)
Heliothis virescens [Nicotiana tabacum] (Tingle and Mitchell, 1982; Johnson and Manley, 1983; Jackson et al, 1984)
Homoeosoma electellum [Helianthus annuus] (Chen and Welter, 2002; Chen and Welter, 2005)
Hypena scabra (Soteres et al, 1984)
Keiferia lycopersicella (Gauld, 2000)
Loxostege sticticalis (Dasch, 1979; Maes, 1989)
Neogalea sunia (Cave, 1993)
Ostrinia nubilalis (Wilson and DuRant, 1991)
Phthorimaea operculella (Oatman and Platner, 1974; Carlson, 1979; Dasch, 1979; Izhevskiy, 1985; Flanders and Oatman, 1987; Maes, 1989; Dominguez Jiménez et al, 2000)
Pyrausta orphisalis (Campbell and Pike, 1985)
Schinia bina (Peigler and Vinson, 1988)
Spodoptera exigua (Wall and Berberet, 1975; Dasch, 1979; Oatman et al, 1983; Soteres et al, 1984; Henneberry et al, 1991; Cave, 1993; Ruberson et al, 1994; Gauld, 2000; Ehler, 2007)
Spodoptera exigua [Beta vulgaris] (Ehler, 2004)
Spodoptera exigua [Lycopersicon esculentum] (Alvarado-Rodriguez, 1987)
Spodoptera frugiperda (Wall and Berberet, 1975; Ashley, 1979; Carlson, 1979; Dasch, 1979; Soteres et al, 1984; Maes, 1989; Gladstone, 1991; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2003; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2004; Sanchez-Garcia et al, 2010; Estrada Virgen et al, 2013; Garcia-Gutierrez et al, 2013; Gutierrez-Ramirez et al, 2015)
Spodoptera frugiperda [Sorghum bicolor] (Cave, 1993)
Spodoptera frugiperda [Zea mays] (Cave, 1993; Ca?as and O'Neil, 1998; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2001; Hoballah et al, 2004; Wyckhuys and O'Neil, 2006)
Spodoptera ornithogalli (Soteres et al, 1984)
Spodoptera praefica (Carlson, 1979; Dasch, 1979; Maes, 1989)
Stegasta bosqueella (Wall and Berberet, 1975; Dasch, 1979)
Trichoplusia ni (Carlson, 1979; Dasch, 1979; Maes, 1989)
HOST FOOD
Arachis hypogaea (Wall and Berberet, 1975; Berberet et al, 1979; Smith and Johnson, 1989)
Beta vulgaris (Ehler, 2004)
Glycine max (McCutcheon and Turnipseed, 1981)
Gossypium hirsutum (Pair et al, 1982; Hogg and Nordheim, 1983; Ruberson et al, 1994; Sansone and Smith, 2001)
Helianthus annuus (Chen and Welter, 2002; Chen and Welter, 2005)
Lycopersicon esculentum (Oatman et al, 1983; Alvarado-Rodriguez, 1987)
Medicago sativa (Bottrell et al, 1968; Soteres et al, 1984)
Nicotiana tabacum (Martin et al, 1981; Tingle and Mitchell, 1982; Johnson and Manley, 1983; Jackson et al, 1984)
Sesamum indicum (Pair et al, 1982)
Solanum tuberosum (Oatman and Platner, 1974; Wilson and DuRant, 1991)
Sorghum bicolor (Cave, 1993)
Trifolium repens (Martin et al, 1981)
Zea mays (Wilson and DuRant, 1991; Cave, 1993; Ca?as and O'Neil, 1998; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2001; Hoballah et al, 2004; Wyckhuys and O'Neil, 2006)
PARASITISM
emerge from larva/nymph (Hogg and Nordheim, 1983; Peigler and Vinson, 1988; Wilson and DuRant, 1991)
endoparasitoid (Smith and Johnson, 1986)
koinobiont (Hogg and Nordheim, 1983)
oviposit in larva/nymph (Hogg and Nordheim, 1983; Smith and Johnson, 1986; Pena et al, 1987)
solitary (Smith and Johnson, 1986)
ANTENNA
antenna:segments (female) [32] (Dasch, 1979)
antenna:segments (female) [37] (Dasch, 1979)
antenna:segments (male) [32] (Dasch, 1979)
antenna:segments (male) [38] (Dasch, 1979)
FIGURE
fore wing (Gauld, 2000)
head (Dasch, 1979)
larval mouth parts (Short, 1978)
mesoscutum (Gauld, 2000)
propodeum (Dasch, 1979)
GENERAL CHARACTERS
body:length (female) [39] (Dasch, 1979)
body:length (female) [93] (Dasch, 1979)
body:length (male) [48] (Dasch, 1979)
body:length (male) [86] (Dasch, 1979)
GENITALIA
ovipositor:L/Ti [160] (Gauld, 2000)
ovipositor:L/Ti [190] (Dasch, 1979)
ovipositor:L/Ti [220] (Dasch, 1979)
HEAD
face:W/H (female) [190] (Dasch, 1979)
face:W/H (female) [225] (Dasch, 1979)
face:W/H (male) [165] (Dasch, 1979)
face:W/H (male) [185] (Dasch, 1979)
face:W/HW (female) [47] (Dasch, 1979)
face:W/HW (female) [51] (Dasch, 1979)
head:W/H (female) [110] (Dasch, 1979)
head:W/H (female) [115] (Dasch, 1979)
malar space:W/MBW (female) [100] (Dasch, 1979)
malar space:W/MBW (female) [75] (Dasch, 1979)
malar space:W/MBW (female) [80] (Gauld, 2000)
malar space:W/MBW (female) [90] (Gauld, 2000)
malar space:W/MBW (male) [110] (Gauld, 2000)
malar space:W/MBW (male) [140] (Dasch, 1979)
malar space:W/MBW (male) [90] (Dasch, 1979; Gauld, 2000)
occipital carina:form (female) [complete] (Gauld, 2000)
ocelli:OOCL/OD (female) [100] (Dasch, 1979)
ocelli:OOCL/OD (female) [75] (Dasch, 1979)
ocelli:OOL/OD (female) [110] (Dasch, 1979)
ocelli:OOL/OD (female) [120] (Gauld, 2000)
ocelli:OOL/OD (female) [140] (Dasch, 1979)
ocelli:OOL/OD (male) [125] (Dasch, 1979)
ocelli:OOL/OD (male) [130] (Dasch, 1979)
ocelli:POL/OD (female) [100] (Dasch, 1979)
LEG
femur(III):L/W (female) [440] (Gauld, 2000)
femur(III):L/W (female) [475] (Dasch, 1979)
femur(III):L/W (female) [490] (Gauld, 2000)
femur(III):L/W (female) [500] (Dasch, 1979)
femur(III):L/W (male) [370] (Dasch, 1979)
femur(III):L/W (male) [380] (Gauld, 2000)
femur(III):L/W (male) [400] (Dasch, 1979)
femur(III):form (female) [serrated] (Gauld, 2000)
femur(III):form (female) [with a ventral tooth] (Dasch, 1979; Gauld, 2000)
tarsal claw(III):form (female) [base pectinate] (Dasch, 1979; Gauld, 2000)
tibia(III):L/Ta(1) (female) [200] (Dasch, 1979)
tibia(III):L/Ta(1) (female) [217] (Dasch, 1979)
trochantellus(III):L/W (female) [20] (Gauld, 2000)
MESOSOMA
mesoscutum:L/W (female) [100] (Dasch, 1979)
mesosoma:L/H (female) [155] (Dasch, 1979)
mesosoma:L/H (female) [165] (Dasch, 1979)
METASOMA
tergite(1):L/W (female) [330] (Dasch, 1979)
tergite(1):L/W (female) [390] (Dasch, 1979)
tergite(2):L/W (female) [155] (Dasch, 1979)
tergite(2):L/W (female) [170] (Dasch, 1979)
tergite(2):L/W (female) [220] (Gauld, 2000)
tergite(2):L/W (female) [230] (Gauld, 2000)
SEQUENCE
mtDNA CO1 (Jourdie et al, 2008)
WING
fore wing:L/BL (female) [60] (Dasch, 1979)
fore wing:L/BL (male) [62] (Dasch, 1979)
fore wing:length (female) [28] (Dasch, 1979)
fore wing:length (female) [40] (Gauld, 2000)
fore wing:length (female) [48] (Gauld, 2000)
fore wing:length (female) [56] (Dasch, 1979)
fore wing:length (male) [31] (Dasch, 1979)
fore wing:length (male) [53] (Dasch, 1979)
COUNTRY
Brazil-main (Townes and Townes, 1966; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2003)
Canada-Alberta (Dasch, 1979)
Canada-British Columbia (Dasch, 1979)
Canada-Manitoba (Dasch, 1979)
Canada-Ontario (Dasch, 1979)
Canada-Quebec (Dasch, 1979)
Canada-Saskatchewan (Dasch, 1979)
Costa Rica (Gauld, 2000)
Guyana (Townes and Townes, 1966)
Honduras (Townes and Townes, 1966; Cave, 1993; Ca?as and O'Neil, 1998; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2003; Wyckhuys and O'Neil, 2006)
Mexico (Alvarado-Rodriguez, 1987; Dominguez Jiménez et al, 2000; Gauld, 2000; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2001; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2003; Hoballah et al, 2004; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2004; Jourdie et al, 2008; Sanchez-Garcia et al, 2010; Cortez-Mondaca et al, 2012; Gonzalez-Moreno and Bordera, 2012; Estrada Virgen et al, 2013; Garcia-Gutierrez et al, 2013; Rodriguez-Mota et al, 2014; Gutierrez-Ramirez et al, 2015; Sanchez-Garcia et al, 2015)
Nicaragua (Maes, 1989; Gladstone, 1991; Gauld, 2000; Molina-Ochoa et al, 2003)
U.S.A.-Alabama (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Alaska (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Arizona (Dasch, 1979; Rathman and Watson, 1985)
U.S.A.-Arkansas (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-California (Oatman and Platner, 1974; Dasch, 1979; Oatman et al, 1983; Flanders and Oatman, 1987; Bugg and Wilson, 1989; Henneberry et al, 1991; Chen and Welter, 2002; Ehler, 2004; Chen and Welter, 2005; Ehler, 2007)
U.S.A.-Colorado (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Connecticut (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-District of Columbia (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Florida (Dasch, 1979; Martin et al, 1981; Tingle and Mitchell, 1982; Funderburk et al, 1984; Jackson et al, 1984; Pena et al, 1987; Gauld, 2000)
U.S.A.-Georgia (Dasch, 1979; Ruberson et al, 1994)
U.S.A.-Hawaii (Gauld, 2000)
U.S.A.-Idaho (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Illinois (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Iowa (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Kansas (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Kentucky (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Louisiana (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Massachusetts (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Michigan (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Minnesota (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Mississippi (Dasch, 1979; Pair et al, 1982; Hogg and Nordheim, 1983)
U.S.A.-Missouri (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Montana (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Nebraska (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Nevada (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-New Mexico (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-New York (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-North Carolina (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-North Dakota (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Oklahoma (Bottrell et al, 1968; Wall and Berberet, 1975; Berberet et al, 1979; Dasch, 1979; Soteres et al, 1984)
U.S.A.-Oregon (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Rhode Island (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-South Carolina (Dasch, 1979; McCutcheon and Turnipseed, 1981; Johnson and Manley, 1983; Wilson and DuRant, 1991; Manley and Markwell, 2006)
U.S.A.-South Dakota (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Tennessee (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Texas (Harding, 1976; Dasch, 1979; Peigler and Vinson, 1988; Smith and Johnson, 1989; Sansone and Smith, 2001)
U.S.A.-Utah (Dasch, 1979)
U.S.A.-Washington (Campbell and Pike, 1985)
U.S.A.-Wyoming (Dasch, 1979)
INTRODUCED INTO
U.S.A.-Hawaii (Funasaki et al, 1988)
reference
- Alvarado-Rodriguez, B, 1987. Parasites and disease associated with larvae of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), infesting processing tomatoes in Sinaloa, Mexico. Florida Entomologist. 70(70):444-449
- Ashley, T.R, 1979. Classification and distribution of fall armyworm parasites. Florida Entomologist. 62(62):114-123
- Berberet, R.C.; Sander, D.A. and Wall, R.G, 1979. Parasitism of the lesser cornstalk borer Elasmopalpus lignosellus, in cultivars "Florunner" and "Spanhoma" peanuts by native hymenopterous species in Oklahoma, USA. Peanut Science. 6:106-109
- Bottrell, D.G.; Young, J.H.; Price, R.G. and Adams, R.H, 1968. Parasites reared from Heliothis spp. in Oklahoma in 1965 and 1966. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 61(61):1053-1055
- Bugg, R.L. and Wilson, L.T, 1989. Ammi visnaga (L.) Lamarck (Apiaceae): associated beneficial insects and implications for biological control, with emphasis on the bell-pepper ecosystem. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 6(6):241-268
- Campbell, C.L. and Pike, K.S, 1985. Life history and biology of Pyrausta orphisalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on mint in Washington (USA). Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 61(61):42-47
- Carlson, R.W, 1979. Family Ichneumonidae. Stephanidae. In: Krombein K.V., Hurd Jr. P.D., Smith D.R. & Burks B.D. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington
- Cave, R.D, 1993. Parasitoides larvales y pupales de Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en Centro América con una clava para las especies encontradas en Honduras. Ceiba. 3:35-56
- Ca?as, L.A. and O'Neil, R.J, 1998. Applications of sugar solutions to maize, and the impact of natural enemies on fall armyworm. International Journal of Pest Management. 44(44):59-64
- Chen, Y.H. and Welter, S.C, 2002. Abundance of a native moth Homoeosoma electellum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and activity of indigenous parasitoids in native and agricultural sunflower habitats. Environmental Entomology. 31(31):626-636
- Chen, Yolanda H. and Welter, Stephen C, 2005. Crop domestication disrupts a native tritrophic interaction associated with the sunflower, Helianthus annuus (Asterales: Asteraceae). Ecological Entomology. 30(30):673-683
- Cortez-Mondaca, Edgardo; Perez-Marquez, Jesus and Bahena-Juarez, Fernando, 2012. [Natural biological control of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize and sorghum, in northern Sinaloa, Mexico. ]. Southwestern Entomologist. 37(37):423-428
- Dalla Torre, C.G. de, 1902. Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Volumen III. Trigonalidae, Megalyridae, Stephanidae, Ichneumonidae, Agriotypidae, Evaniidae, Pelecinidae. Guilelmi Engelmann. 1:1-544
- Dasch, C.E, 1979. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 8. Subfamily Cremastinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 29:702
- Dominguez Jiménez, I.; Llanderal Cazares, C. and Nieto Hernandez, R, 2000. [Pristomerus spinator Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasite of the potato tuber moth.] Pristomerus spinator Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), un parasitoide de la palomilla de la papa. Agrociencia (Montecillo). 34(34):611-617
- Ehler, L.E, 2004. An evaluation of some natural enemies of Spodoptera exigua on sugarbeet in northern California. Biocontrol (Dordrecht). 49(49):121-135
- Ehler, L.E, 2007. Impact of native predators and parasites on Spodoptera exigua, an introduced pest of alfalfa hay in northern California. Biocontrol. 52(52):323-338
- Estrada Virgen, Orlando; Cambero Campos, Jhonathan; Robles Bermudez, Agustin; Rios Velasco, Claudio; Carvajal Cazola, Carlos; Isiordia Aquino, Nestor and Cancino, Enrique Ruiz, 2013. [Parasitoids and entomopathogens of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Nayarit, Mexico.]. Southwestern Entomologist. 38(38):339-344
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生物学记录
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