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Bracon kirkpatricki (Wilkinson, 1927) valid
- taxon id: 57675
- catalog nub: HS_42515
- 分类系统: 茧蜂亚科 Braconinae
- 阶元:种
- 状态: valid
- 中文科学名: 红铃虫小茧蜂
- 已发表: 是
- 灭绝: 否
- original placement: 否
- original name:Microbracon kirkpatricki Wilkinson, 1927
- 格式: animal
- 作者: Wilkinson
- year: 1927
- source: Taxapad Ichneumonoidea in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019
- url: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019/details/species/id/13835b97cdd216004e7795c63da135f3
- 创建时间: 2021-06-27 16:46
- create by: zxmlmq (admin)
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分类信息
- 界: Animalia | 动物界
- 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
- 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
- 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
- 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
- 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
- 科: Braconidae | 茧蜂科
- 亚科: Braconinae | 茧蜂亚科
- 族: Braconini
- 属: Bracon Fabricius, 1804 | 茧蜂属
- 亚属: Bracon (ophthalmobracon) Tobias, 1957
- 种: Bracon kirkpatricki (Wilkinson, 1927) | 红铃虫小茧蜂
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tree:
- 寄生于:
- associated plant:
geography information (Including lower)
description
ORIGINAL NAME
Microbracon kirkpatricki
COMBINATION HISTORY
Bracon (Hedqvist, 1965; Marsh, 1978; Marsh, 1979)
Bracon (Bracon) (Papp, 2003)
Bracon (Ophthalmobracon) (Shenefelt, 1978; Madl and van Achterberg, 2014)
Habrobracon (Ophthalmobracon) (Tobias, 1962; Fischer, 1968)
Microbracon (De Saeger, 1943)
TAXONOMY
catalogue (Shenefelt, 1978; Marsh, 1979)
description (De Saeger, 1943; Tobias, 1962; Marsh, 1978)
description (larva) (Leon and Erazo, 1993)
key to species (Fischer, 1968)
original description (Wilkinson, 1927)
TYPE
Kenya (Wilkinson, 1927)
Ukd_ldn_nhm (Wilkinson, 1927)
CHINESE NAME
红铃虫小茧蜂 (Feng, 1983; Ma, 1983)
红铃虫茧蜂 (Ma, 1983)
BIOCONTROL OF
Anthonomus grandis (Cross, 1973; Bartlett et al, 1978)
Helicoverpa armigera (Divakar and Pawar, 1983)
Pectinophora gossypiella (Alfieri, 1928; Noble and Hunt, 1937; Kamal Bey, 1951; McGough and Noble, 1955; Azab et al, 1968; Cross et al, 1969; Bryan et al, 1971; Bryan et al, 1973; Sankaran, 1974; Bartlett et al, 1978; Legner and Medved, 1979; Pawar and Prasad, 1983; Suruli Velu, 1989)
BIOLOGY
clutch size (Mayhew, 1998; Smart and Mayhew, 2009)
control-biological (Noble and Hunt, 1937; Cross et al, 1969; Bryan et al, 1971; Bryan et al, 1973; Pawar and Prasad, 1985)
developmental rate (Cross et al, 1969; Bryan et al, 1971; Engroff and Watson, 1975)
fecundity (Azab et al, 1968; Cross et al, 1969; Engroff and Watson, 1975; Sivaprakasam et al, 1985; Leon and Erazo, 1993)
inundative release (Suruli Velu, 1989)
life table (Sivaprakasam et al, 1985)
longevity (Azab et al, 1968; Engroff and Watson, 1975; Leon and Erazo, 1993)
pesticide (Mani and Nagarkatti, 1983; Mani et al, 1985; Reddy and Divakar, 1998)
rearing (Noble and Hunt, 1942; Bryan et al, 1971; Pawar and Prasad, 1983; Astudillo et al, 1993; Leon and Erazo, 1993)
sex ratio (Smart and Mayhew, 2009)
HOST
Anthonomus grandis (Cross and Chesnut, 1971; Marsh, 1979)
Caryedon fuliginosum [Combretum molle] (Prevett, 1966)
Caryedon serratus [Piliostigma reticulatum] (Prevett, 1966)
Caryedon serratus [Tamarindus indica] (Prevett, 1966)
Crocidosema plebejana (Bedford, 1931)
Helicoverpa armigera (Dey and Farooqi, 1999)
Pectinophora gossypiella (Wilkinson, 1927; King, 1929; Bedford, 1931; Paoli, 1934; Russo, 1940; Risbec, 1960; Brenière, 1965; Marsh, 1979)
Piezotrachelus varium (Risbec, 1960)
Spodoptera frugiperda (Molina-Ochoa et al, 2003)
HOST FOOD
Combretum molle (Prevett, 1966)
Gossypium hirsutum (Kirkpatrick, 1927; Bryan et al, 1973)
Piliostigma reticulatum (Prevett, 1966)
Tamarindus indica (Prevett, 1966)
HOST SELECTION
host age/stage (Azab et al, 1968)
host species (Azab et al, 1968)
HOST SUITABILITY
host species (Bryan et al, 1971)
PARASITE
Pyemotes ventricosus (Cross et al, 1975)
PARASITISM
Pyemotes ventricosus (Cross et al, 1975)
ectoparasitoid (Azab et al, 1968)
oviposit on larva (Azab et al, 1968)
oviposition behaviour (Kirkpatrick, 1927)
ANTENNA
antenna:segments (female) [27] (Wilkinson, 1927)
antenna:segments (female) [29] (Paoli, 1934)
antenna:segments (female) [31] (Wilkinson, 1927)
antenna:segments (female) [32] (Paoli, 1934)
antenna:segments (male) [25] (Wilkinson, 1927)
antenna:segments (male) [31] (Wilkinson, 1927)
FIGURE
basal tergites (Wilkinson, 1927)
head (De Saeger, 1943)
GENERAL CHARACTERS
body:length (female) [30] (Wilkinson, 1927; Paoli, 1934)
body:length (female) [40] (Wilkinson, 1927)
body:length (male) [20] (Wilkinson, 1927)
body:length (male) [30] (Wilkinson, 1927)
GENITALIA
ovipositor:L/BL [50] (Paoli, 1934)
ovipositor:L/MtsL [100] (Wilkinson, 1927)
ovipositor:length [15] (Wilkinson, 1927; Paoli, 1934)
HEAD
head:W/L (female) [175] (Wilkinson, 1927)
IMAGE
female (Paoli, 1934)
fore wing (Wilkinson, 1927; Tobias, 1962)
LEG
tarsus(III)(1):L/TaL [39] (De Saeger, 1943)
tarsus(III)(2):L/TaL [20] (De Saeger, 1943)
tarsus(III)(3):L/TaL [16] (De Saeger, 1943)
tarsus(III)(4):L/TaL [10] (De Saeger, 1943)
tarsus(III)(5):L/TaL [16] (De Saeger, 1943)
MORPHOLOGY
cocoon (Paoli, 1934)
COUNTRY
Cape Verde Islands (Hedqvist, 1965; Papp, 2003)
India (Dey and Farooqi, 1999)
Kenya (Kirkpatrick, 1927; Wilkinson, 1927)
Madagascar (Brenière, 1965)
Mexico (Molina-Ochoa et al, 2003; Coronado-Blanco et al, 2004; Coronado-Blanco, 2011; Rodriguez-Mota et al, 2014)
Nigeria (Prevett, 1966)
Somalia (Paoli, 1934; Beccari and Gerini, 1983)
Sudan (Johnston, 1928; King, 1929; Bedford, 1931)
Tanzania (Wilkinson, 1927)
Uganda (Papp, 2003)
INTRODUCED INTO
Egypt (Alfieri, 1928; Kamal Bey, 1951; Azab et al, 1968; Bartlett et al, 1978)
India (Sankaran, 1974; Divakar and Pawar, 1983; Pawar and Prasad, 1985)
Mexico (Noble and Hunt, 1937; Rude, 1937; Bartlett et al, 1978)
Puerto Rico (Noble and Hunt, 1937; Wolcott, 1941; Bartlett et al, 1978)
U.S.A.-Arizona (Legner and Medved, 1979)
U.S.A.-California (Bartlett and Gonzalez, 1970; Legner and Medved, 1979)
U.S.A.-Florida (Frank and McCoy, 1993)
U.S.A.-Mississippi (Bartlett et al, 1978)
U.S.A.-Texas (Noble and Hunt, 1937; McGough and Noble, 1955; Bartlett et al, 1978)
reference
- Alfieri, A, 1928. The introduction of a parasite (Microbracon kirkpatricki Wilk.) of the pink bollworm into Egypt. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte. 1:52-56
- Astudillo, M.A.M.; Vargas, G.H.A. and Jiménez, V.J, 1993. Evaluation of a method for mass rearing Bracon kirkpatricki Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Revista Colombiana de Entomologia. 19(19):159-166
- Azab, A.K.; Tawfik, M.F.S. and Nagui, A, 1968. Studies on the biology of Macrobracon kirkpatricki Wilk., in Egypt. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte. 5:251-271
- Bartlett, B.R.; Clausen, C.P.; DeBach, Paul; Goeden, R.D.; Legner, E.F.; McMurtry, J.A. and Oatman, E.R, 1978. Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: A world review. Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 480:545
- Bartlett, B.R. and Gonzalez, D, 1970. A progress report; biological control of pink bollworm in cotton. California Agriculture. 24(24):12-14
- Beccari, F. and Gerini, V, 1983. Catalogo della collezione entomologica. Istituto Agronomico per l'Oltremare. Firenze
- Bedford, H.W, 1931. The weed "hambuk" (Abutilon spp.) and the part it plays in the conservation of parasites of the various species of bollworm which attack cotton in the Sudan. Bulletin Wellcome Trop. Res. Labs
- Brenière, J, 1965. Liste des parasites et predateurs des principaux insectes nuisibles aux cultures a Madagascar. Agronomie Tropicale. 2:344-350
- Bryan, D.E.; Fye, R.E.; Jackson, C.G. and Patana, R, 1973. Release of Bracon kirkpatricki (Wilk.) and Chelonus blackburni Cameron for pink bollworm control in Arizona
- Bryan, D.E.; Fye, R.E.; Jackson, C.G. and Patana, R, 1973. Releases of parasites for suppression of pink bollworms in Arizona. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. 7:8
- Bryan, D.E.; Jackson, C.G.; Patana, R. and Neeman, E.G, 1971. Field cage and laboratory studies with Bracon kirkpatricki, a parasite of the pink bollworm. Journal of Economic Entomology. 64(64):1236-1241
- Coronado-Blanco, J.M, 2011. Braconidae (Hymenoptera) de Tamaulipas, Mexico. Editorial Planea. Mexico
- Coronado-Blanco, J.M.; Ruiz-Cancino, E. and Varela-Fuentes, S.E, 2004. Adenda a Braconidae (Hymenoptera). In Llorente, J.; Morrone, J.J.; Yanez, O.; Vargas, I. Ed. Biodiversidad, taxonomia y biogeografia de artropodos de Mexico: hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. Vol.IV. UNAM. Mexico
- Cross, W.H. and Chesnut, T.L, 1971. Arthropod parasites of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis: 1. An annotated list. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 64(64):516-527
- Cross, W.H.; McGovern, W.L. and Cross, E.A, 1975. Insect hosts of the parasitic mites called Pyemotes ventricosus (Newport). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society. 10(10):1-8
- Cross, W.H.; McGovern, W.L. and Mitchell, H.C, 1969. Biology of Bracon kirkpatricki and field releases of the parasite for control of the boll weevil. Journal of Economic Entomology. 62(62):448-454
- Cross, William H, 1973. Biology, control, and eradication of the boll weevil. Annual Review of Entomology. 1:17-46
- De Saeger, H, 1943. Quelques Braconides nouveaux du genre Microbracon. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines. 3:361-389
- Dey, D. and Farooqi, S.I, 1999. Biosystematic studies on the hymenopterous parasitoids associated with Helicoverpa armigera (Hubn.) from India - 1 (family: Braconidae). Shashpa. 6(6):105-113
- Divakar, B.J. and Pawar, A.D, 1983. Release of parasites for the biological control of Heliothis armigera (Hub.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Karnataka. In: P.K. Sen Sarma, S.K. Kulshrestha, S.K. Sangal eds. Insect interrelations in forest and agro ecosystems. Dehra Dun, India : Jugal Kishore
- Engroff, B.W. and Watson, T.F, 1975. Influence of temperature on adult biology and population growth of Bracon kirkpatricki. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 68(68):1121-1125
- Feng, Song Ming, 1983. [Latin-English-Chinese names of insects.] (in Chinese). Scientific Publishers. Beijing
- Fischer, M, 1968. über gezüchtete Raupenwespen (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Pflanzenschutz Berichte. 37(37):97-140
- Frank, J.H. and McCoy, E.D, 1993. The introduction of insects into Florida. Florida Entomologist. 7:1-53
- Hedqvist, K.J, 1965. Braconidae from the Cape Verde Islands. Commentationes Biologicae Helsinki. 2:1-28
- Johnston, H.B, 1928. Report of the Government entomologist for the year 1927. Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories
- Kamal Bey, M, 1951. Biological control projects in Egypt, with a list of introduced parasites and predators. Bulletin de la Société Fouad Ier d'Entomologie. 3:205-220
- King, H.H, 1929. The pink bollworm (Platyedra gossypiella Saunders) in the Sudan. Int. Congr. Ent. 4th. Ithaca
- Kirkpatrick, T.W, 1927. Notes on a Braconid parasite of the pink bollworm (Platyedra gossypiella Saund.) in Kenya Colony. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 1:47-50
- Legner, E.F. and Medved, R.A, 1979. Influence of parasitic Hymenoptera on the regulation of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, on cotton in the lower Colorado Desert. Environmental Entomology. 8:922-930
- Leon, M.G. and Erazo, G.A.L, 1993. Life cycle and habits of Bracon kirkpatricki (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Revista Colombiana de Entomologia. 19(19):113-118
- Ma, Shijun, 1983. [English-Chinese Glossary of Agro-Entomology.]. Beijing, Agricultural Publishing House
- Madl, M. and van Achterberg, C, 2014. A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion. Linzer Biologische Beiträge. 1:5-220
- Mani, M. and Nagarkatti, S, 1983. Susceptibility of two braconid parasites Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck and Bracon kirkpatricki (Wilkinson) to several chemical pesticides. Entomon. 8(8):87-92
- Mani, M.; Nagarkatti, S. and Jayanth, K.P, 1985. Reaction of four parasitoids to some synthetic pyrethroids. Entomon. 1:111-115
- Marsh, P.M, 1978. The braconid parasites (Hymenoptera) of Heliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 80(80):15-36
- Marsh, P.M, 1979. Braconidae. Aphidiidae. Hybrizontidae. In: Krombein K.V., Hurd Jr. P.D., Smith D.R. & Burks B.D. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington
- Mayhew, Peter J, 1998. The life-history of parasitoid wasps developing in small gregarious broods. Netherlands Journal of Zoology. 48(48):225-240
- McGough, J.M. and Noble, L.W, 1955. Colonization of imported pink bollworm parasites. Journal of Economic Entomology. 4:626-627
- Molina-Ochoa, Jaime; Carpenter, James E.; Heinrichs, E.A. and Foster, John E, 2003. Parasitoids and parasites of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas and Caribbean basin: an inventory. Florida Entomologist. 86(86):254-289
- Noble, L.W. and Hunt, W.T, 1937. Imported parasites of pink bollworm at Presidio, Tex., 1932-36. Journal of Economic Entomology. 30(30):842-844
- Noble, L.W. and Hunt, W.T, 1942. Methods of rearing the pink bollworm parasites Chelonus and Microbracon. Journal of Economic Entomology. 35(35):597
- Paoli, G, 1934. Prodromo di entomologia agraria della Somalia Italiana. Firenze, Istituto Agricolo Coloniale Italiano.426 pp
- Papp, Jeno, 2003. Braconid wasps from the Cape Verde Islands (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 2. Doryctinae, Braconinae, Hormiinae, Rogadinae, Gnamptodontinae, Homolobinae, Opiinae, Alysiinae, Cheloninae, Adeliinae and Microgastrinae. Faunistische Abhandlungen. 2:137-167
- Pawar, A.D. and Prasad, J, 1983. Field recovery of Bracon kirkpatricki (Wilkinson) (Braconidae Hymenoptera) from the cotton pink boll worm Pectinophora gossypiella Saund (Gelechidae Lepidoptera) in Haryana (India). Indian Journal of Entomology. 45(45):195-197
- Pawar, A.D. and Prasad, J, 1985. Evaluation of some exotic parasites in biocontrol of cotton bollworms in Haryana (India). Indian Journal of Plant Protection. 13(13):21-24
- Prevett, P.F, 1966. Observations on biology in the genus Caryedon Schönherr (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in northern Nigeria, with a list of associated parasitic Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 41(41):9-16
- Reddy, G.R.S. and Divakar, BJ, 1998. Relative toxicity of nine insecticides to Bracon kirkpatricki and Chrysoperla carnea. Plant Protection Bulletin Faridabad. 50(50):9-10
- Risbec, J, 1960. Les parasites des insectes d'importance en Afrique tropicale et à Madagascar. Agronomie Tropicale. 1:624-656
- Rodriguez-Mota, A.J.; Ruiz-Cancino, E.; Coronado-Blanco, J.M.; Trevino-Carreon, J. and Khalaim, Andrey I, 2014. [Ichneumon wasps attack tobacco budworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in corn crops (Zea mays L.) in Mexico.] (in Spanish). Agroproductividad. 7(7):28-31
- Rude, C.S, 1937. Parasites of pink bollworm in northern Mexico. Journal of Economic Entomology. 30(30):838-842
- Russo, G, 1940. Contributo alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi al cotone nell'Africa Oriental Italiana. I. Lepidotteri. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Portici. 3:105-220
- Sankaran, T, 1974. Natural enemies introduced in recent years for biological control of agricultural pests in India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 44(44):425-433
- Shenefelt, R.D, 1978. Braconidae 10. Braconinae, Gnathobraconinae, Mesestoinae, Pseudodicrogeniinae, Telengainae, Ypsistocerinae, plus Braconidae in general, major groups, unplaced genera and species. Hymenopterorum Catalogus nova editio . Pars 15
- Sivaprakasam, N.; Balasubramanian, G.; Venkatesan, S. and Narayanan, A, 1985. Life-table and intrinsic rate of increase of Bracon kirkpatricki on Corcyra cephalonica. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 55(55):762-764
- Smart, Christina B. and Mayhew, Peter J, 2009. A comparative study of sex ratio and clutch size in gregarious ichneumonoid wasps. Journal of Insect Behavior. 22(22):273-288
- Suruli Velu, T, 1989. Scope of parasites in bollworm control. Entomon. 14(14):101-106
- Tobias, V.I, 1962. [Two new species of braconids (Hymenoptera) from Central Asia and their relationship with the African fauna.] (in Russian). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta. Akad. 3:271-277
- Wilkinson, D.S, 1927. Eight new species of Braconidae. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 1:33-46
- Wolcott, G.N, 1941. A supplement to "Insectae Borinquensis". Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico. 2:33-158
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生物学记录
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